Nabertherm firing schedule. Version: Programs: 2. contact@nabertherm. Cone 04/05 fairly popular bisque temperatures. In the meantime, Nabertherm - based in Lilienthal/Bremen - designs and manufactures furnaces and heat treatment systems for a wide *The material is removed from the furnace at 800°C. Cones are firing schedules with predictable outcomes: cone 4 gets you bisqueware, cone 5 gets you glazeware. The product (usually charged on a carrier plate) is moved In the case of 90-minute sintering, if it cannot be set according to the schedule, it cannot be sintered. Nabertherm offers a wide range of products for perfect results of your dental restorations, from preheating furnaces for investment materials and casting molds to a wide selection of sintering furnaces for zirconium oxide, translucent Catalog download. Aug 19, 2023 · This application will help you learn from previous projects and perfect your schedules and use of materials to give the results you want. Wi-Fi Capability - Manage settings remotely for greater convenience. The flame trench is 2/3 the depth of the kiln to the target brick, is 9” tall, and has minimal gaps between the bricks. Store before/during/after photos. To get you started with your experiments, here are some sample schedules. Manufactor: Amann Girrbach. These studios use electric kilns and a similar set of rules for firing pottery. kiln furniture: Top 60 - 18 kg, Top 100 - 30 kg. Touch Screen - Provides an intuitive user experience. for optimal and reliable firing results That‘s what we call sustainability! Optimal Energy Efficiency and Excellent Firing Results *Bisque firing 950 °C, glaze firing 1250 °C. Unfortunately, the issued Nabertherm schedules are for Bullseye, and generally increasing the temperatures across the board by 10deg work for slumping, fusing etc. 4 Hold Time Rate of Temp. Catalog download. The fast bisque slims that to 10 hours by increasing the rate of rise at each step. . 150,000 customers in over 100 countries around the world Apr 2, 2023 · Pottery kilns need to be programmed so they heat to the right temperature at the right speed. heated from two sides. Increase °C/°F min Rate of Temp. The debinding and sintering of multilayer ceramics (e. 0. There are two sch Burnout of Residual Wax or 3D-Printed Plastic Models. The RAKU 100 chamber kiln ensures that you can also experience this joy when firing your individual pieces. As a manufacturer, Nabertherm offers the widest and deepest range of furnaces worldwide. History. Programs can be displayed graphically and in tabular form. If the ceiling is lower, heat-resistant insulation must be installed. Easy-peasy lemon squeezy! If you want to play around with glass fusing, you cross into the territory of programming your own firing schedule. 03. Continuous Furnaces. 2 Temp. The term “bisque firing” is one of the most commonly used pottery terms. 20. Pre-order Available. Heating elements on support tubes provide for free heat radiation and long service life. Increase °C/°F min Temp. Nabertherm offers solutions for batch processes and continuous processes. The durability of the SiC rods in periodic use, in combination with their high heating speed, make these high-temperature furnaces to all-rounders in the laboratory. Heating times of 25 - 30 minutes can be achieved, depending Prolific Group has more than 8 years of experience cooperating with Nabertherm Gmbh to supply furnaces in Thailand and neighboring countries. Heating elements on support tubes ensure free heat radiation and a long service life. He purposefully expanded the business and put the company on an international course. This can be put in with a slump firing also. A furnace with a configurable YML firing program is required. Nabertherm GmbH. The top kiln makers, Nabertherm, provide a variety of kilns with discharge ceramics. Process: Firing. With more than 70 years of experience and one of the largest engineering departments in the furnace industry, the name Nabertherm offers as manufacturer a wide range of kilns for ceramic firing. I developed my skills by doing a course at Camden Art Centre and classes at Turning Earth in London and Sundragon Pottery in Birmingham. Hold Temperature. Not go mention how single it is to operate a Nabertherm kiln. MyNabertherm App - Keep track of your kiln's performance from your smartphone. In combination with the free “MyNabertherm” smartphone app, the operation and monitoring of the furnace is even easier and more powerful than ever before. The Nabertherm controllers convince with their intuitive operation and a contemporary design. With an extensive range of additional equipment, these chamber furnaces can be adapted to suit many different process requirements. This firing will generally be to cone 04, 05, 06. The electrically heated chamber furnaces have a heated outlet in the bottom of the furnace chamber, formed as a funnel with the discharge near the center of Mar 3, 2023 · Magic Colour - Stain firing and glaze margin on ZrO2 (100043), Programs: 3, Process: Firing , Version: :, Updated: 03. Debinding and Sintering in Air - Furnace Solutions up to 1800 °C In order to achieve the desired mechanical properties of ceramic parts, the components must be sintered at high temperatures after debinding. So, you can think of it as a specific marker on the temperature scale. Create firing templates. Room Temp. Firing Furnace and Pressing Furnace Jul 16, 2022 · FYI - firing electric kilns to max temperature or cone 10 for all practical purposes decreases element life significantly from firing to cone 6 for instance. 8 inch touch display enables convenient program input on the large screen. 150,000 satisfied customers in more than 100 countries offer proof of our commitment to excellent design, quality and cost Jul 2, 2015 · Over firing something, let’s say a cone six glaze to cone 8 is pretty hit and miss with respect to performance and outcome. Jan 9, 2024 · As the cone heats up, it begins to bend and eventually melts when its rated temperature is reached. Heating from two sides. The appealing design and attractive price are convincing arguments for this kiln series. Flexible Programming - Customize with 5 programmable settings. With maximum temperatures of 1300 °C, Nabertherm top-loaders will cover the complete range of ceramic firing processes. Temperatures and program information are presented in a clear, high-contrast LC display. They are all meticulously handcrafted in Germany using the best materials available. Please ensure to read our Firing Terms and Conditions by clicking on the following link Charge Saggar for Sintering Furnaces LHT 01/17 LB Speed, LHTCT 01/16, LHTCT 03/16 and LHT 01/17 D. Over these years, […] Nabertherm GmbH. electrically heated or gas-fired. 35°C / 95°F minute. Kilns in the NE series are electrically heated chamber kilns for firing ceramics and for glass or porcelain painting. Compared to KATANA™ Zirconia HTML, KATANA™ Zirconia HTML PLUS has higher translucency, and can optimize colors to harmonize better with the oral cavity. stoneware, bisque, earthernware & midfire) and indicating that you have read and agreed to our firing guidelines. This is a low-temperature overnight candling. Three layers of high-quality 15 mm microporous rear insulation for top loaders up to 60 liters to ensure that you reach your firing Firing Furnace and Pressing Furnace. But firing an intricate figurine is different to firing a hand Tutorial: Temperature Calibration Vacuum Firing and Pressing Furnaces Tutorial: Installation of Sintering Furnace for Cobalt-Chromium Process Control and Documentation Professional engineering in combination with in-house manufacturing provide for individual project planning and construction of standard furnaces to tailor-made thermal process systems with material handling and charging systems. Tmax 1300 °C. Jan 23, 2024 · Likely próg 02 cone 06 / 08 in about 12 hours so slow bisque designed to burnout organics. Costs for bisque and glaze firing using our models TOP 60 and Firing Schedules. Additionally, the style, size, thickness and desired results of any given project can also present unique requirements. Updated: 03/03/2023. Welcome to the world of the professionals firing. Warehouse Deliveries: Dr. Five-side heating provide for good temperature uniformity. The vacuum firing furnace VL 01/12 LB is used for firing veneers and dental ceramics. It’s one of the most important steps in the pottery-making process. With the high-temperature chamber and top hat furnaces, Nabertherm offers a wide range of furnace solutions that Arts & Crafts. KATANA™ Zirconia HTML PLUS is compatible with the 54-minute sintering program, and can be sintered according to same sintering schedule as UTML, STML and YML. This table model, equipped with SiC heating rods, offers several advantages for sintering zirconia at an attractive price. STEP 1. There is Mar 2, 2023 · As a German machine builder, Nabertherm manufactures its products with more than 500 employees exclusively in Germany on its own 25,000 square meter production area in Lilienthal near Bremen. Stage. The increased connected load enables the kilns to heat up much faster. LTCC) requires furnace solutions that combine fast process cycles with precise temperature control and at the same time optimal temperature uniformity. Raku firing is made more comfortable with the Nabertherm Raku kiln. An accumulation of ignitable components is avoided Feb 1, 2014 · Hello Nijer and welcome to the forum As Chris already asked: why are you firing so fast? I don't have an Olympic but a Nabertherm, but I think it's the same with every type of kiln, so my firing schedule for a bisque is: in 7 hours to cone 019 and another 4 hours to cone 06. These powerful laboratory muffle furnaces are available for temperatures up to 1550 °C or 1600 °C. Heating from three sides (both sides and floor) Three ceramic shelves and lower shelf to protect the bottom insulation and for safe stacking of the furniture. Moreover, we ensure that our planet’s precious resources are used sustainably to Nov 9, 2020 · As one of the worldwide largest furnace manufacturers Nabertherm has long-term experience in design and construction of both, standard and customized control Oct 12, 2021 · Creating a bisque schedule is easy, usually 9 - 12 hours to burn out most organics, so pick a speed that will take that long ( about 75 - 100c per hour) and the last 100c of the firing go 60c per hour to reach your desired cone ( generally cone 04-06) from the cone chart. This represents an intuitive high-end solution for the dental technician for free and easy program entry and control of firing and pressing furnaces. 50°C Electroceramics. Professional engineering in combination with in-house manufacturing provide for individual project planning and construction from standard furnaces to tailor-made thermal process systems with material handling and charging systems. Typical application temperatures are between 700 °C and 900 °C. Program 3 is close to a cone 04 fast glaze, possibly moving into cone 03 with the 20 minute hold. For safety reasons, they have an integrated pilot burner for ignition of the flammable components in mixed gases. With the free MyNabertherm App, the furnace can be conveniently monitored online via mobile devices as a powerful addition to the Nabertherm controller. Oceanside Compatible® Firing Schedules. 23 Kiln firing introduction I started pottery in 2018, attending a workshop in the pottery of Islington Art centre in London. For glost I use 150oC an hour for 5 hours, 100oC an hour for 4. Costs for bisque and glaze firing using our models TOP 60 and With earthenware bodies you tend to fire to higher bisque temperatures (1000°C - 1120°C) and follow with a lower glaze firing (1020°C - 1060°C). When the kiln is being installed, it is important that there is a safety gap of 0. Customizable Programs - Store up to 5 specific firing schedules. Nabertherm presents brand new product series at CERAMITEC: Compact debinding and sintering furnaces for laboratory applications and additive manufactured components Nabertherm with 500 employees worldwide has been developing and producing industrial furnaces for many different applications for 70 years. Installation. With stoneware you can fire the clay at a low bisque (950°C - 1000°C) and follow with a higher glaze firing (1220°C - 1280°C). When stamping on glass and you want to set the color before decorat-ing you need to fire to a minimum of 1235 degrees. 150,000 satisfied customers in more than 100 countries offer proof of our commitment . Raku is an ancient Japanese technique and means joy. R kilns are designed ideally to meet your creative needs. MyNabertherm App - Streamline your kiln operations via smartphone. This time they don't. (AHHHH!) Only experimentation will teach you exactly what schedules will produce exactly the results you want. £3,804. Rate of Temperature Increase. High Temperature. They are ideally suited for forming processes such as forging or hot forming steel sheets. Nabertherm Top 60/R Kiln Features. Continue to the company video. All these firing schedules are for COE 96 glass. Bahnhofstr. 4 Hold Time Room Temp. 1 Rate of Temp. Volume: 60 Litres. Read below to find out how to install your kiln and connect the exhaust air extraction system. Delayed Start - Plan firings according to your schedule. NABERTHERM -MANUFACTURER OF RAKU KILNS. These versatile chamber kilns are ideal for ceramics but can also be used for glass or porcelain painting or simple fusing work. The product (usually charged on a carrier plate) is moved through the furnace on a metal belt, loading and unloading takes place at approx. Designed as chamber kilns with wide-opening door these models can be easily and clearly loaded. 28865 Lilienthal (Germany) Tel. Heat treatment plant D 1600/6100/800/26AS according to EN 1539 with cooling station KS 1600 Series 400. Dual shell ventilated housing made of textured stainless steel sheets for low surface temperature and high stability. You will need Adobe Acrobat to view these files. Fusing. 3 Max load per layer 30 kg. Up to two saggars + spacer can be stacked in the furnaces. +49 4298 922-0 Fax +49 4298 922-129 contact@nabertherm. This application will help you learn from previous projects and perfect your schedules and use of materials to give the results you want. Charge weight incl. With their high-quality workmanship, attractive design, long service life and excellent temperature uniformity, our kilns in the N range set new standards. BO are used for processes with high organic quantities or high evaporation rates. The conveyor technology is tailored to the required working temperature, geometry and weight of the charge and to the requirements regarding available space and integration into the process chain. drying, sterilizing or warm storing. FRAMEWORK. 2 In the empty and closed oven, connected to 230 V 1/N/PE resp. Soak 5. When you fire up to Cone 6, it’s not just about heating things up. All common materials can be fired with this all-rounder. 00. 600 employees worldwide, Nabertherm has been developing and manufacturing industrial kilns and furnaces for a wide range of applications for over 75 years. Being able to load the kiln from the front gives you a clear view of how to arrange the art works to be fired. SINTERING PROGRAM Temp. With their maximum working temperature of up to 300 °C and forced air circulation, the ovens achieve a very good temperature uniformity. The app always keeps you in the picture. g. The purpose of bisque firing is to transform greenware (unfired clay) from its fragile state to a porous and robust state. MyNabertherm App for online monitoring of the firing on mobile devices for free download ; Freeware NTEdit for convenient program input via MS Excel on the PC; Freeware NTGraph for evaluation and documention of firings using MS Excel on the PC; NTLog Basic for Nabertherm controller: recording of process data with USB-flash drive The Nabertherm range of dental furnaces and accessories is characterized by high quality, an excellent price/performance ratio and short delivery times. Always remember that any given firing schedule is just a starting point. Fusing unicolored or multicolored glass sheets or small crushed glass pieces (powder and granules) to form a glass sheet are just some examples. SINTERING PROGRAM 90-minute 7-hour Temp. Use the app for convenient online progress monitoring of your Nabertherm furnaces – from your office, while on the way or from wherever you wish. The controller D580 enables intuitive program entry on the large touchscreen. -45°C / -49°F minute. Exclusive use of insulation materials without categorization according to EC Regulation No 1272/2008 (CLP). Supported kilns: nabertherm, kilncare, Jen-Ken, Evenheat, Olympic, Paragon, Skutt, Rohde, Cress, Cromartie. They are operated via a central control dial (Jog Dial). The freely radiating heating elements always ensure perfect firing results. /WAX furnaces are particularly suitable for dewaxing of ceramic molds below the flash point of the wax and subsequent firing. 5 hours (reaching 1200oC), 15min soak, and off. Wi-Fi Capability - Enables remote monitoring and adjustments. With a 60 litre capacity, this model is a good choice for a decent sized first kiln as Magic Colour Stain and glaze firing on LT. Our user-friendly kilns are easy to Catalog download. In 1947 Conrad Naber founded his family business and manufactured pottery kilns for private use with a few employees. You can freely program the furnace controller to suit your Vacuum Firing Furnace with Lifting Table VL 01/12 LB for firing of dental ceramics The vacuum firing furnace VL 01/12 LB is ideally suited for firing of conventional ceramic veneers under normal atmosphere or vacuum. Keep detailed firing logs. 5 m between the kiln and flammable materials on all sides and 1. With a maximum temperature of up to 1340 °C, Nabertherm kilns will cover the complete range of ceramic firing processes. The operation and programming takes place via a high-contrast, large touch panel, which RAKU is centuries-old Japanese firing technique that brings a lot of pleasure. Cooling. Applications include preheating of components for shrink-fit processes, heat treatment of metals in air such as aging, stress relieving, soft annealing or tempering, and The Nabertherm top loader. These should always be compared with the manufacturer's specifications for the material you are using and adjusted if necessary. 3 Rate of Temp. As a manufacturer, Nabertherm offers a very wide and deep range of furnaces. The furnace is freely programmable, many manufacturer Continuous furnace DF 36/320/5/10 WK for the microelectronics industry with integrated user interface and switchgear. For clear float glass add 50 degrees. Nabertherm kilns are the best choice for hobby, workshop and professional use. Our business is family owned and has over 75 years of kiln manufacturing experience. These very rugged chamber furnaces with radiation heating are designed for continuous heat-treatment processes. -Sasse-Straße 31, Jul 31, 2020 · Ramp Two 4. Nabertherm Controllers use digital technology to control the firing process. Their slow 7-hour cone 04 glaze firing goes to 250F at 150F/hr, 1695F at 400F/hr and 1945F at 120F/hr. Total time and temperature are important for bisque firings. 5 MyNabertherm App. For use in arts and crafts, Nabertherm offers a wide range of top-loaders for ceramic firing. Nabertherm GmbH, Germany Honors Chinese Subsidiary on Its 25th Anniversary Nabertherm presents brand new product series at CERAMITEC: Compact debinding and sintering furnaces for laboratory applications and additive manufactured components This application will help you learn from previous projects and perfect your schedules and use of materials to give the results you want. *The material is removed from the furnace at 800°C, and is for Up to a 3-unit Bridge. Its spacious heating chamber and quick heating-up times make it a great choice for CAD/CAM processing of zirconia. The continuous furnaces of the DF series are designed for continuous processes in air and are therefore suitable for thick-film applications and LTCC firing processes. Placing the zirconia product in charge saggars provides for optimum utilization of the furnace chamber. Optimum temperature uniformity over the entire temperature range through multi-stage PID Nabertherm is one of the world's leading manufacturers of laboratory furnaces based in Lilienthal near Bremen. An attractive design and good firing results are just a few of the advantages of the Top 60L. As a manufacturer of industrial furnaces Nabertherm does not only offer the widest range of standard furnaces. The firing must be long enough to effectively burnout everything and leave the clay in a suitable porous state for decorating and handling. The rectangular top loaders from Nabertherm combine the benefits of a top loader with the sturdy design of a chamber kiln and are very good suited for professional use. As a manufacturer of industrial furnaces, Nabertherm probably has the widest and deepest range of furnaces in the world. Calculated energy price: 0,30 €/kWh. Quality features like the dual shell housing, their compact, lightweight design, or the heating elements installed in quartz glass tubes make this burnout furnace a reliable partner for your dental application. Most kiln programs are written so they run 60c per hour in the last 100c of the firing to finish at or near the anticipated cone temperature and to mature the glaze as the glaze designer expected. The heating elements, arranged close together and protected in quartz glass tubes, guarantee a remarkably high level of temperature uniformity across the entire surface of the table – perfect for fusing or bending glass. This 13amp plug in version is capped at 1200°C. The removal of the ceramic art pieces while hot makes the firing process a Nabertherm kiln, Made in Germany. The damper is indexed with 1” markings from 9” being fully opened to 0” being completely closed. Learn about the different terms used to describe the different parts of a kiln firing schedule. MyNabertherm app – the powerful and free digital accessory for Nabertherm 500 Series Controllers. Below you will find some basic (and conservative) schedules for common fused glass firings. Our top loaders are equipped with energy-efficient refractory insulation inside the chamber and microporous rear insulation that allows you to reach a top temperature of 1320 °C with minimum energy consumption. The maximum temperature of 1340 °C in Nabertherm chamber kilns will allow you to perform any type of ceramic firing. We probably offer the widest range of muffle furnaces, drying ovens, high-temperature furnaces or tube furnaces. 1. 120℃ / 216℉ minute. Touch Screen - User-friendly interface for easy operation. 1450℃ / 2642℉. series are suitable for firing all common veneering ceramics in normal atmosphere or under vacuum and for pressing systems under vacuum. Firing Service. Currently I fire 80oc an hour for 10 hours, 100oC for 2 hours (reaching 1000oC), 15minute soak, and finish for bisque. Currently, Prolific Group has proudly been appointed as the Official Distributor of Nabertherm for Thailand and neighboring countries. Dental Sintering Furnace Nabertherm LHTCT 01/16. de. Apr 9, 2012 · I have strayed beyond 'normal' programmer settings, altering time and heat but feel I could experiment forever before I blunder onto a schedule that works. Delayed Start - Optimize energy use by The Nabertherm furnace world | Nabertherm Feb 17, 2017 · Then, set up a firing schedule. Dual shell housing made of textured stainless steel sheets with additional fan cooling for low surface temperature. Share your projects with other people - revealing as much or as little of your trade secrets as you'd like. Even complete thermal processes are realized by customized system solutions. Our chamber kilns from 100 to 2200 liters, heated from five sides, have a maximum firing temperature of 1300 °C and are Dec 4, 2021 · A schedule that burns out all the organics and ends at a cone that suits your clay and glaze application. Glass fusing is a process in which different glass parts are melted together. Due to the compact tabletop design, this series is very well suited for installation in laboratories or rooms with limited space. Our user-friendly chamber kilns are easy to operate, and are available in volumes The colored, high-contrast 6. Multi-layer insulation with robust lightweight refractory bricks in the furnace chamber. The compact tabletop model Top 16/R even offers the option of perfecting glaze or sample specimens Nabertherm presents brand new product series at CERAMITEC: Compact debinding and sintering furnaces for laboratory applications and additive manufactured components These forced convection chamber furnaces are characterized by their good temperature uniformity. The Nabertherm kilns. If you fire clay, you most likely use cone firings. Nabertherm is the leading kiln manufacturer and offers a wide range of kilns for ceramic firing. They can be used for various applications such as e. Fast Sintering (54-minute*) UP to 3unit bridge. The Nabertherm Top 60L Low-Firing Pottery Kiln is the perfect kiln for your hobby or workshop. It isn’t necessary to set fire the CC’s but this will ensure that you won’t move the color while decorating or doing reverse painting. The firing process is digitally controlled by Nabertherm Controllers. Fire Set Color Concentrates. 500 mm long entry and exit zones in NTLog Basic for Nabertherm controller: recording of process data with USB-flash drive Defined application within the constraints of the operating instructions As additional equipment: Process control and documentation via VCD software package for monitoring, documentation and control 4 30 minutes. About Nabertherm. The integrated air slots in the saggars and spacer ensure a better air circulation Indirect gas firing with radiation tubes for flame protection of the charge; Exhaust air and exhaust gas piping; Thermal or catalytic exhaust cleaning systems; Recuperator technology for heat recovery ; Process control and documentation via VCD software package for monitoring, documentation and control The Nabertherm Top 130 pottery kiln is the perfect kiln for your workshop. The use of a wide variety of accessories enables these furnaces to be tailored to the relevant application. Tmax 1300 °C, 1340 °C or 1400 °C. It is very important that you read the assumptions for each schedule. Tmax 1100 °C. 400 V 3/N/PE. The chamber furnaces of the series N (B) . Nabertherm Top 60L Ceramic Kiln with Controller. 0 m to the ceiling. With approx. Attractive design and good firing results are just a few of the advantages of the Top 130. In this video, you will learn how to set up the NEW Nabertherm LHT 02/17 LB Speed and how to program the sintering schedules for TRÜZIR MMT. The electrically heated N . The all-round hea-ting of the furnace chamber results in a very even temperature uniformity and enables very fast heat-up times. Just like the controller itself, the The controller series 500 impresses with its unique scope of performance and intuitive operation. Through Nabertherm’s wide range of furnace applications & sizes; we Nabertherm Top 140 Kiln Features. Find out how to programme an electric pottery kiln to fire pottery in bisque and stoneware glaze firings. Vacuum firing furnaces and vacuum pressing furnaces of the VL . Base frame included in the scope of delivery. Cones are numbered according to the temperature they bend at – Cone 6 bends at around 2,200°F (1,200°C). Rate of Temperature Decrease. 2 Rate of Temp. The slow bisque goes at 80F/hr to 250, 200F/hr to 1000, 100F/hr to 1100, 180F/hr to 1695 and 80F/hr to for a 13-hour firing to 1945F. Kiln styles and kiln performance (depending on age and condition) can vary. The technical design of the furnaces is Nabertherm with 450 employees worldwide have been developing and producing industrial furnaces for many different applications for over 60 years. Our Nabertherm RAKU 100 chamber kiln was developed to ensure that you can experience the joy of firing your unique works of art up close. The ideal working temperature is between 900°C and 1200°C. 00 £3,170. Nabertherm kilns can reach a maximum temperature of 9182 °C, which cover the entire spectrum a ceramic firing operations. Rate of Temperature increase / decrease. Work will not be accepted, unless the Firing Service form has been completed, for every type of firing you require (e. For professional glass artists, Nabertherm has Nabertherm fusing furnaces in the GF 75 – GF 1425 product line were developed for professional use to meet the highest standards. No guarantee for the correctness and completeness of the program parameters. Regardless whether for biscuit firing, earthenware, overglaze firing, soft-paste porcelain or stoneware – our Top . For COE 90, add 20 degrees F (7C) to all top temperatures. So many folks choose to fire midrange products (cone 6 instead of cone 10 products) to save energy and prolong their element life before element replacement is needed. With a 130 litre capacity, this model is a good choice for a studio as well as for schools. Decrease °C/°F min Temp. g. zo fo nj av ir jz ha kq gx ie